RUSSIAN THESAURUS 2007

6. 3.2013

RUSSIAN THESAURUS

The ideographic dictionary (the thesaurus, the thematic dictionary, the regular dictionary of concepts) is the dictionary of regular type, i.e. in it{him} the material is located not in alphabetic, and in the regular order, concepts are grouped on sense, and the grouping of clauses{articles} is made from below upwards, forming hierarchical structure. Dictionaries of such type are known from an antiquity. All concepts are connected in a uniform network, to display which the given dictionary is called. Value of definitions and the thesaurus in philosophy is not understood yet in a due measure. On construction the given dictionary most of all resembles dictionary Roget P.M. " Thesaurus of English Words and phrases " (1862), containing 1000 clauses{articles} at 4 levels. In the given dictionary about 100000 lexemes incorporated in 7800 clauses{articles} (this, the cores and связок), grouped on 8 levels. On top level the widest settle down on volume of concept: the REALITY, the NATURE, ORGANIZATION, the PERSON, the SOCIETY. On the basis of this dictionary the thesaurus of any other language, including English can be constructed. Construction of the thesaurus leans{bases} on definitions of concepts. The dictionary working with definitions, is the conceptual dictionary, as terminological branch and encyclopaedic dictionaries (for example, "natural language"). It is higher step in comparison with explanatory dictionaries. Distinction between concept and a word cleanly formal. For example, the concept of Russian "agriculture" of many other things languages is designated in a word - "agriculture". Definitions are done{made} with the obvious instruction{indication} of patrimonial and specific concept (patrimonial and specific this). For example, " understanding - knowledge of sense ", and both "knowledge" and "sense" also are clauses{articles} and have definitions. Or " the sense - internal causality ", " концепт - sense of concept ", " a definition - the formulation концепта ", etc., etc. Such definition - from patrimonial and specific concepts (supplied by a sheaf or связками), is idle time, an initial form of definition to which it is necessary to aspire. From this model as from an oven, it is possible to dance by search of definition. Definitions usually do not accept such form simply because we to it{her} and do not aspire. That is, definitions are similar to functions of one argument. Behind verbosity of definition its{his} imperfection usually disappears. Discrepancy in the task of a sort or a kind is shown in incongruity of the scheme{plan} of classification or in the scheme{plan} of ideography accordingly. All set of clauses{articles} form a certain integrity, a network as their definitions are under construction only of elements of this set. And back - names of clauses{articles} should be used and some of them empty - reference are used in other definitions, therefore. This requirement concerns and to definitions of the concepts which are being inside of clause{article}. At such approach superfluous elements are excluded from definition and greater{big} clearness and definitions and all language picture as a whole is reached{achieved}. Definitions supply names of clauses{articles}. These nested concepts are central concepts of all network of concepts (basic concepts), are used for formation{education} other concepts. As clauses{articles} выделются concepts, either having filling, or used in definitions. One of applicabilities of this dictionary - a finding of these central concepts. In aggregate nested words make a basic word stock and can be used as range at studying Russian, for example at classification of concepts. There are certain subtleties at drawing up of the ideographic dictionary, even at presence of definition. One declaration on similarity on sense a little. On analogies to adjectives, specific concepts happen relative (in the majority) and quantitative. Depending on it{this} on a miscellaneous positioning concept of the dictionary is made. In the first case classification on specific difference, specific to an attribute is used. For example, clause{article} " medical (kind) the tool (sort) " is located not with a number{line} with clause{article} "tool", and in group MEDICINE. That definition could be used for positioning concept, the specific attribute should be only one. By the way, this idea is already used in systematization for a designation of kinds of organisms (the binary nomenclature) after K.Bauginym (1620) and K.Linneem (1753). The specific specific attribute in biology refers to синапоморфией (Хенниг, 1966). Though at present these{it} синапоморфии make absolute minority. Thus, definitions are an obligatory part of the dictionary, differently it is impossible a grouping of clauses{articles} to any formal attribute. In case of quantitative definitions (them about 6 %), positioning is made to a patrimonial attribute, as in dictionaries of synonyms. For example, for concept " greater{big} construction " is "construction". Thus in lines of definition the ledge and an italic triangle is done{made} to note difference from the first type of positioning. Presence of definitions with the obvious instruction{indication} of a sort allows to make CLASSIFICATION of CONCEPTS (in parts speeches) - 2-nd variant of a semantic grouping of concepts. At nouns on top level 7 categories (универсалий) - OBJECT, FORMATION{EDUCATION} (FORMATION), the PART, the CHARACTERISTIC, COMMUNICATION{CONNECTION}, CHANGE, ACTION, at verbs - 5, at adjectives - 8 settle down. This classification is a necessary stage for allocation of categories, and also happens, for example, is useful by search of suitable patrimonial concept. For the first time classification more than 5000 basic concepts is given.
1-4 levels

GROUPS		SUBGROUPS		DEPARTMENTS		SECTIONS
1	WORLD ORDER	1	THE REALITY	1	THE REALITY	1	5
				2	CONDITIONNALITY	6	10
				3	THE GENERALITY	11	14
		2	THE CONNECTION	4	THE CONNECTION	15	17
		2	THE CONNECTION	5	RELATION	18	22
2	THE FORMATION	3	THE FORMATION	6	THE FORMATION	23	26
		3	THE FORMATION	7	COMPATIBILITY	27	31
		4	PARTIALITY	8	PARTIALITY	32	37
		4	PARTIALITY	9	COMPONENT	38	42
3	RELATIONSHIP	5	VALUE	10	VALUE	43	45
				11	QUANTITATIVE RELATION	46	54
				12	THE QUANTITATIVE DEPENDENCE	55	58
		6	FORM	13	ARRANGEMENT	59	64
				14	SEQUENCE	65	69
				15	SPACE	70	76
4	NATURE	7	THE PHENOMENON	16	THE PHENOMENON	77	82
				17	THE DEVELOPMENT	83	90
				18	TIME	91	94
		8	MATTER	19	MATTER	95	98
		8	MATTER	20	THE MECHANICS	99	100
		9	SUBSTANCE	21	THERMODYNAMICS	101	105
				22	STRUCTURE OF SUBSTANCE	106	108
				23	SUBSTANCE SOLIDE	109	112
5	BEING	10	Material object	24	Material object	113	115
				25	BODY (MATERIAL)	116	122
				26	ARRANGEMENT	123	128
		11	UNIVERSE	27	GRAVITY	129	133
		11	UNIVERSE	28	PLANET	134	139
6	ORGANIZATION	12	THE FUNCTIONING	29	THE FUNCTIONING	140	147
				30	CORRECTNESS	148	151
				31	IRREGULARITY	152	154
		13	INFORMATION	32	INFORMATION	155	157
		13	INFORMATION	33	THE LACK OF CLARITY	158	160
7	ALIVE NATURE	14	ALIVE NATURE	34	ALIVE NATURE	161	166
		14	ALIVE NATURE	35	PLANTS	167	171
		15	ANIMALS	36	ANIMALS	172	179
				37	NERVOUS SYSTEM	180	181
				38	PERCEPTION	182	188
8	MAN	16	HUMAN ORGANISM	39	HUMAN ORGANISM	189	193
		16	HUMAN ORGANISM	40	SANTE	194	198
		17	PSYCHICS	41	PSYCHICS	199	200
		17	PSYCHICS	42	PENSEE	201	204
		18	EMOTIONS	43	EMOTIONS	205	208
		18	EMOTIONS	44	ESTHETIQUE	209	210
9	PERSONALITY	19	THE INTELLECTUAL SPHERE	45	THE PSYCHE OF PERSONALITY	211	216
				46	IDEA	217	221
				47	KNOWLEDGE	222	224
		20	HUMAN LIFE	48	HUMAN LIFE	225	229
		20	HUMAN LIFE	49	TROUBLE	230	233
		21	ACTIVITY OF THE PERSON	50	ACTIVITY OF THE PERSON	234	239
				51	ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE	240	246
				52	THE CORRECTNESS OF THE ACTIVITY	247	250
10	SOCIETY	22	SOCIETY	53	SOCAL SPHERE	251	257
				54	COMMUNICATION	258	265
				55	ANTAGONISM	266	270
		23	ETHICS	56	HONESTY	271	275
		23	ETHICS	57	VIRTUE	276	281
		24	STATE	58	STATE	282	286
		24	STATE	59	juridicial relationship	287	291
11	CULTURE	25	CULTURE	60	NATURAL LANGUAGE	292	297
				61	CULTURE	298	303
				62	ARTS	304	307
		26	ECONOMICS	63	PRODUCTION	308	311
		26	ECONOMICS	64	PROPERTY	312	316
12	CIVILIZATION	27	WAY OF LIFE	65	WAY OF LIFE	317	324
		27	WAY OF LIFE	66	ALIMENTATION	325	328
		28	TECHNICS	67	TECHNICS	329	337
		28	TECHNICS	68	TRANSPORT	336	339
		29	TECHNOLOGY	69	MATERIALS AND ENERGY	340	343
		29	TECHNOLOGY	70	TECHNOLOGY	344	347

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